wrestling information archive - wcw wrestling history
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wcw wrestling history
from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
world championship wrestling (wcw) was an
american
professional
wrestling
promotion which, in its proper form,
existed from 1988
to 2001. although
the name "world championship wrestling" had been used as a brand and
television show name by various
national wrestling alliance (nwa)-affiliated
promotions (most notably
georgia championship wrestling and
jim crockett
promotions) since
1983, it was not until five years later that an actual nwa-affiliated
promotion called world championship wrestling appeared on the national scene,
under the ownership of
atlanta, georgia-based media mogul
ted turner.
for the entirety of its existence as a separate promotion, wcw was the
chief rival of the
world wrestling federation (wwf, now
wwe), and even the owners of its nwa-affiliated forerunner promotions regarded
the wwf as their major competitor. at the outset of wcw's existence, as well
as with the promotions that came before it, the company was strongly
identified with the
southern style of professional
wrestling (or rasslin'),
which emphasized athletic in-ring competition over the showmanship and
cartoonish characters of the wwf . this identification persisted into the
1990s, even as
the company signed former wwf stars such as
hulk hogan and
randy savage.
wcw dominated pro wrestling's television ratings from
1996 to
1998, mainly due to its incredibly
popular
new world order (nwo)
storyline, but thereafter began to lose heavy ground to the wwf,
which had recovered greatly due to its new
wwf "attitude" branding. the promotion
began losing large amounts of money, leading to parent company
aol time warner
selling the name, copyrights and tape library to the wwf for $4.3 million in
2001
[3].
history
the nwa years
although world championship wrestling was a brand name used by promoter jim
barnett for his australian promotion,[4] the first promotion in the united
states to use the world championship wrestling brand name (though it was never
referred to as "wcw") on a wide scale was georgia championship wrestling (gcw,
although vincent j. mcmahon's northeast-based capitol wrestling corporation,
then also affiliated with the nwa, also sometimes used the name in house show
promotion). gcw, owned primarily by jack brisco and gerald brisco and booked
by ole anderson, was the first nwa territory to gain cable tv access.
in 1982, vince mcmahon jr. purchased his father's capitol wrestling
corporation. the cwc changed its name to the wwf and became the top promotion
in north america, and gcw devised the name "world championship wrestling" in
an effort to compete. in 1982, gcw changed the name of its television show
(and thus its public face) to world championship wrestling since it was
already starting to run shows in "neutral" territories such as ohio and
michigan. these efforts helped to keep gcw competitive against the wwf, as
both promotions had secured tv deals and were trying to become national, as
opposed to regional, entities. the change in name helped make gcw the top
promotion once again, until the wwf was able to officially leave the nwa and
create the show wwf all american wrestling. the nwa, led by president jim
crockett, countered by creating starrcade in the fall of 1983, thus propelling
it back to the top, but vince mcmahon again regained the lead with hulk
hogan's dramatic world title victory at madison square garden in january
1984.[7], as well as the creation of the television show tuesday night titans.
on april 9, 1984, the brisco brothers sold their shares in gcw, including
their prime time slot on the tbs cable tv network, to vince mcmahon. however,
gcw's core audience was not interested in the wwf's cartoonish approach,
preferring a more athletic style. as a result, when gcw's faithful television
viewers tuned into tbs on july 14, 1984 and saw wwf programming instead of the
gcw wrestlers they were used to seeing, they were outraged, and sent many
complaints to the network, demanding the return of gcw. this day has since
gone down in wrestling lore as black saturday. adding fuel to the fire was the
fact that, despite originally promising to produce original programming for
the tbs timeslot, mcmahon chose instead to provide only a clip show for tbs
featuring highlights from other wwf programming, a move which angered network
head ted turner and was a major factor in his decision to discontinue showing
the wwf on his network. luckily for turner, ole anderson had refused to sell
his shares in gcw to the wwf, and he teamed with fellow holdout shareholders
fred ward and ralph freed to create championship wrestling from georgia.
turner quickly secured a tv deal with the new promotion, as well as with bill
watts' mid-south wrestling.
jim crockett promotions
in march 1985, mcmahon sold his tbs timeslot to jim crockett promotions
[11] (owned by jim crockett, jr.) under pressure from ted turner, who
resurrected the world championship wrestling name (turner broadcasting had
copyrighted it and prevented mcmahon from using it). the wwf and hulk hogan,
however, were now the superior figures of wrestling after the success of
wrestlemania i, so the sale took place to successfully put the company in
better shape. the new wcw, which was now a combination of jim crockett
promotions (mid atlantic wrestling) and championship wrestling from georgia,
was now the top show on tbs, and jim crockett jr. became nwa president for the
second time.[12]
by 1986, jim crockett, jr. controlled key portions of the nwa under the
name jim crockett promotions, including the traditional nwa territories in the
carolinas, georgia, and st. louis. crockett merged his various nwa territories
into one group, promoting under the banner of the national wrestling alliance
(in fact, jcp virtually became synonymous with "the nwa"). a feud between
crockett and vince mcmahon's wwf sprang up, and both companies attempted to
outmaneuver the other to acquire key tv slots. it was the wwf, however, who
was able to become a big hit in st. louis (and the rest of missouri as well),
which brought trouble to the nwa central states. the wwf was able to become a
hit across the country as well, as the feud between hulk hogan and paul
orndorff appealed to a large audience. following this, bob geigel became the
nwa president once again.[12]
in the same year, jcp also purchased heart of america sports attractions
inc. (hasa),[13] promoters of the the central states territory, which owned
the rights to promote wrestling shows through several central states (kansas,
missouri, and iowa).
a national promotion
in 1987, jcp would enter into agreement to control championship wrestling
from florida (though jcp never bought that company), and universal wrestling
federation (which covered oklahoma, mississippi, arkansas, texas and
louisiana), and which was not an nwa member; this helped make him nwa
president once again. the florida & mid-south territories (along with those
companies' rosters of wrestlers) were absorbed into jcp. jim crockett now
owned nwa st louis, the uwf, his own jim crockett promotions, georgia
championship wrestling, central states wrestling, championship wrestling from
georgia and the cwf as well.[14]
crockett had almost accomplished his goal of creating a national promotion.
between his purchasing several nwa territories, world class championship
wrestling in texas leaving the nwa[15] in 1986 (and later merging with jerry
jarrett's championship wrestling alliance in memphis to create the united
states wrestling association brand)[16], and the once highly viable portland
territory going bankrupt (it closed in 1992), he was the last bastion of the
nwa, and the last member with national tv exposure. since it was all they now
saw, many people began to believe that jim crockett promotions was the nwa.
although jcp and the nwa were still two separate entities, with crockett as
nwa president, they were very much on the same page. the nwa was effectively
an on-paper organization funded by crockett, and allowed crockett to use the
nwa brand name for promoting.
with the large amount of capital needed to take a wrestling federation on a
national tour, crockett's territorial acquisitions had seriously drained jcp's
coffers.[17] he was in a similar situation to that of the wwf in the early
1980s: a large debt load, and the success or failure of a federation hinging
on the success or failure of a series of ppvs. crockett marketed starrcade '87
as the nwa's answer to wrestlemania. however, the wwf-promoted survivor series
1987 on the same day. the wwf informed cable companies that if they chose to
carry starrcade, they would not be allowed to carry future wwf events [18] .
the vast majority of companies showed survivor series (only three opted to
remain loyal to their contract with crockett). in january 1988, jcp promoted
the bunkhouse stampede ppv, and mcmahon counter-programmed with the first
royal rumble on usa network. both nwa ppvs achieved low buyrates and the
resulting financial blow due to the low buyates both starrcade and bunkhouse
stampede were in many ways both the beginning of the end for jim crockett
promotions and the birth of wcw in which would take jim crockett promotions'
place. in addition, the decision to hold these events in chicago and new york
alienated the crockett's main fanbase in the carolinas, hampering their
drawing power for arena shows in the southeast. [19]
dusty rhodes as booker
in 1985, crockett had signed dusty rhodes and made him booker for jcp.
rhodes had a reputation for creativity and authored many of the memorable
feuds and storylines of this period and gimmick matches like wargames. by
1988, after three years of trying to compete with vince mcmahon, and a long,
drawn-out political struggle with champion ric flair, rhodes was burned out
[20] . fans were getting tired of the "charlotte clique" (rhodes, ric flair,
arn anderson, tully blanchard, nikita koloff among others), and the dusty
finish (and other non-endings for shows) had obliterated the once-profitable
house show market. one of the last creative things dusty rhodes could do was
create the first clash of the champions, on the night of wrestlemania iv, and
gained a high amount of viewers- even over wrestlemania iv, for a whole
quarter-hour- as the ric flair vs. sting match continued to take place; and as
an epic match, that also made sting now a top player for wcw; however, this
main event match ended long before the four-hour wrestlemania iv ended, and
people soon afterwards saw randy savage win his first wwf title, and insured
more victory for the wwf. by the end of 1988, rhodes was booking cards
seemingly at random, and planning at one point to have mid-card wrestler rick
steiner defeat ric flair in a five-minute match at starrcade for the nwa world
championship. at the end of 1988, rhodes was fired by the promotion after an
angle he booked where road warrior animal pulled a spike out of his shoulder
pad and jammed it in rhodes's eye busting it wide open, despite a strict
"no-blood" policy laid down by turner after his recent purchase of the
company.[21]
wcw under ted turner: the early years
to preserve the inexpensive network programming provided by professional
wrestling, jim crockett promotions was purchased outright by turner on
november 21, 1988. originally incorporated by tbs as the universal wrestling
corporation, turner promised the fans that wcw would be the athlete-oriented
style of nwa.
despite this influx of talent, wcw soon began working to gradually
incorporate much of the glamour and showy gimmicks for which the wwf was
better known. virtually none of these stunts- such as the live
cross-promotional appearance of robocop at a ppv event in 1990[22], the
chamber of horrors gimmick and the notorious black scorpion[23] storyline-
succeeded. behind the scenes, wcw was also becoming more autonomous and slowly
started separating itself from the historic nwa name. in january 1991, wcw
officially split from the nwa and began to recognize its own wcw world
heavyweight championship and wcw world tag team championship.
both the wcw and the nwa recognized ric flair (who was by now no longer the
head booker) as their world heavyweight champion throughout most of the first
half of 1991, but wcw, particularly recently-installed company president jim
herd, turned against flair for various reasons and fired him just prior to the
july 1991 great american bash ppv after failed contract negotiations. in the
process, they officially stripped him of the wcw world heavyweight
championship[24]. however, according to flair's autobiography, they refused to
return the $25,000 deposit he had put down on the (physical) belt, so he kept
it and took it with him when he was hired by the wwf at the request of vince
mcmahon. flair then incorporated the belt into his gimmick, dubbing himself
"the real world's champion".
wcw later renegotiated the use of the nwa name as a co-promotional gimmick
with new japan pro wrestling, and sued wwf to stop showing flair with the old
nwa world title belt on its programs, claiming a trademark on the physical
design of the belt. the belt was returned to wcw by flair when jim herd was
let go and he received his deposit back plus interest, and it was brought back
as the revived nwa world heavyweight championship.
final split with the nwa
during the period that wcw operated with its own world champion while also
recognizing the nwa's world title, flair would later leave the wwf on good
terms and returned to wcw, regaining the title from barry windham in july
1993[24]. immediately, the other, now smaller, member organizations of the nwa
began demanding that flair defend the title under their rules in their
territories, as mandated by old nwa agreements. the title was later scheduled
to be dropped by flair to rick rude, a title change which was exposed by the
disney tapings, the months-in-advance taping of wcw's syndicated television
shows at disney-owned studios in orlando, florida. the nwa board of directors,
working separately from wcw, objected to rude, with wcw finally leaving the
nwa for good again in september 1993.
however, wcw still legally owned and used the actual belt which represented
the nwa world heavyweight championship (rick rude even defended it as the big
gold belt) but they could no longer use the nwa name. the title thus became
known as the wcw international world heavyweight title (meaning the world
heavyweight championship as sanctioned by "wcw international," a fictional
organization made up of promoters from around the world, essentially their
in-house version of the real nwa).[25]
wcw realized that the title belt, because of its rich in-ring history and
visual impact, was highly sought after and respected in japan and as such
created this fictional subsidiary dubbed wcw international to inject some
credibility back into the belt. wcw claimed that "wcwi" still recognized the
belt as a legitimate world championship. for a short while, there were
essentially two world titles up for competition in the organization.
sting eventually won the wcw international championship and lost the belt
to then-wcw world champion ric flair in a unification match[26] on june 23,
1994 when the experiment was jettisoned. the big gold belt (or "big goldy")
was then used to represent the lone world title in the company. it was used as
such until wcw's closure in 2001. the belt (in a slightly altered design) is
still seen today in wwe as the world heavyweight championship on their
smackdown! brand (previously on raw). wwe considers it a separate title and
wwe.com officially lists the title history of the world heavyweight
championship as beginning with triple h being awarded the belt by eric
bischoff on raw on september 2, 2002,[27] however they also cite the older
title (and nwa world title) as being part of its lineage. [28]
the eric bischoff era begins
the creative product of the company sank very noticeably in 1991 and 1992
under the presidency of jim herd and, subsequently, bill watts. there were
signs of gradual recovery in early 1993 when former commentator eric bischoff
was appointed as executive vice president of wcw. bischoff, originally brought
in as a secondary commentator behind jim ross after the awa became defunct,
was desperate to give wcw a new direction and impressed turner's top brass
with his unconfrontational tactics and business savvy.[29]
bischoff's first year running the company was considered extremely
unsuccessful. dusty rhodes and ole anderson were still in full creative
control at this point, and under their watch wcw presented cartoonish
storylines as well as seemingly pointless feuds with little or no buildup (for
instance, the "lost in cleveland" and "spin the wheel, make the deal" angles
involving cactus jack and sting respectively, as well as the "white castle of
fear" and beach blast mini-movies).[30]
the summertime saw the company's reputation take another hit due to a
mishap at a live televised event. in 1993, ric flair returned to wcw from his
wwf tenure, but was constrained by a no-compete clause from his wwf contract.
in response, wcw gave him a talk show segment on its television shows called
"a flair for the gold," in the mold of the old "piper's pit" segments from
1980s wwf programming starring rowdy roddy piper. during a segment of the talk
show on an august clash of the champions event building up the fall brawl ppv,
wcw decided to introduce a "mystery partner" for the babyfaces, a masked man
known as the shockmaster. the shockmaster (previously known as "typhoon" in
the wwf) was supposed to crash through a fake wall and intimidate the heels.
instead, he tripped through the wall and fell on his face on live television,
inadvertently rendering himself a joke character (despite winning some
matches).
late in 1993, wcw decided to once again base the promotion around ric
flair. this was seen as more or less a necessity after prospective top
babyface sid vicious was involved in an incident with arn anderson (which
resulted in hospitalisation of both men)[31] while on tour in england, four
weeks before starrcade, and was fired. flair won the title at starrcade and
was once again made booker.[32]
beginning of aggressive competition with the wwf
beginning in 1994, bischoff declared open war on mcmahon's wwf in the media
and aggressively recruited high-profile former wwf superstars such as hulk
hogan and randy savage to work for wcw. using turner's monetary resources,
bischoff placed his faith in established stars with proven track records.
because of their high profiles, however, hogan and savage were able to demand
and get several concessions not usually allowed to wrestlers at the time, such
as multi-year, multimillion dollar guaranteed contracts and significant
creative control over their characters. this would later become a problem
during subsequent years of competition with the wwf, as other wrestlers were
able to make similar demands, and contract values soared out of control. hogan
in particular was able to gain considerable influence through a friendship
with bischoff. another thing bischoff may have failed to consider was the fact
that many wcw fans (especially those who had followed the company since its
nwa days) watched it as an alternative product to the wwf that focused on
in-ring action as opposed to cartoonish characters and storylines. as such,
these fans viewed bischoff's signing of former wwf talent as an attempt to
copy its success instead of remaining true to the idea of wcw being an
alternative to the wwf.
nevertheless, wcw's first major ppv event since hogan's hiring, bash at the
beach, saw the former wwf mainstay cleanly defeat ric flair for the wcw world
championship. the two had worked for the wwf at the same time from 1991 to
1992, and a feud was teased between them, but the big-money match originally
planned for wrestlemania viii was changed to flair/savage and hogan/sid. when
wcw delivered the match, the ppv drew a high buyrate by wcw standards due to
mainstream intrigue and hype. despite being a critical and financial success,
the glory would not last long, as the hogan/flair feud was only a one-off
match and the hoped for long-term effects on ppv buyrates and ratings did not
materialize. turner management came to this realization when they checked up
on the state of the company in mid-1995. hence, bischoff called turner and
requested a private meeting, which he was granted.
the company was, at one point, losing $10 million dollars a year, but
bischoff turned that around into $350 million in sales and $40 million in
profit.[33]
wcw monday nitro
bischoff would be instrumental in launching the weekly show wcw monday
nitro, which debuted on september 4, 1995 live from the mall of america in
bloomington, minnesota.[34][35] turner asked bischoff how wcw could
conceivably compete with mcmahon's wwf. bischoff, not expecting turner to
comply, said that the only way would be a primetime slot on a weekday night,
possibly up against wwf's flagship show, monday night raw. turner granted him
a live hour on tnt every monday night, which specifically overlapped with raw.
[36] this format quickly expanded to two live hours in may 1996, and then
later three. bischoff himself was initially the host, alongside bobby heenan
and ex-nfl star steve "mongo" mcmichael.
scott hall and eric bischoff.the initial broadcast also featured the
re-debut of lex luger to the wcw audience,[37] who had been absent since the
very early '90's. wcw's coup of obtaining luger was significant for several
reasons. because nitro was live at the time, premiering major stars on the
show would signal to the fans the amount of excitement the broadcasts would
contain. also, luger had just come off a successful run in wwf; and was at one
time one of the company's top stars.[38] finally, because luger had been
employed with wwf as recently as a week prior to his nitro appearance, wcw
fans would be intrigued to see others possibly "jump ship."
dominance
the tide began to turn in wcw's favor on memorial day 1996 when scott hall
(who wrestled as razor ramon in wwf) interrupted a match by walking down
through the crowd into the ring. he delivered his famous "you want a war?"
speech, stating that he and two of his associates were going to "take over."
hall challenged the best wcw wrestlers to stand up and defend the company
against their onslaught. this officially kicked off the nwo storyline.[39]
the next week, hall reappeared on nitro and pestered the wcw announcers.
sting confronted him, and was rewarded with a toothpick in the face for his
efforts. sting retaliated by slapping hall across the face, and in response
hall promised sting a "little... no... big surprise" the next week in
wheeling, west virginia. this surprise ended up being hall's good friend and
former wwf world heavyweight champion kevin nash, and in the weeks following
hall and nash were collectively referred to as "the outsiders." both men took
to showing up unexpectedly during nitro broadcasts, usually jumping wrestlers
backstage, distracting wrestlers by standing in the entranceways of arenas, or
walking around in the audience. within a couple of weeks, they announced the
forthcoming appearance of a mysterious third member.
the nwo formation.
at bash at the beach, hall and nash were scheduled to team with their
mystery partner against lex luger, randy savage and sting. at the onset of the
match, hall and nash came out without a third man, telling announcer "mean"
gene okerlund that he was "in the building", but that they did not need him
yet. shortly into the match, a stinger splash resulted in luger being crushed
behind kevin nash, and being taken away on a stretcher, reducing the match to
the outsiders vs. sting and savage. hall and nash took control of the match
when hulk hogan came to the ring. after standing off with the outsiders for a
moment, he suddenly attacked savage, showing himself to be the outsider's
mysterious third man. giving an interview with okerlund directly after the
match, hogan claimed the reason for the turn was that he was tired of fans
that had turned on him. hogan labeled the new faction a "new world order of
professional wrestling", beginning a feud between wrestlers loyal to wcw and
the nwo. the fans in attendance were so outraged at hogan's betrayal that they
pelted the ring with debris, such as paper cups and plastic bottles, for the
duration of his interview. one fan even jumped the security railing and tried
to attack hogan in the ring, but was quickly subdued by hall, nash, and arena
security.[40]
shortly after, the world wrestling federation filed a lawsuit, alleging
that the new world order storyline implied that hall and nash were invaders
sent by vince mcmahon to destroy wcw, despite the fact that bischoff asked
nash point blank on camera at a wcw show "are you employed by the wwf?" to
which nash emphatically replied "no." another reason for the lawsuit was wwf
claimed scott hall acted in a manner too similar to the character razor ramon
which was owned by wwf. the lawsuit would drag out for several years before
being settled out of court. one of the settlement's terms was the right for
the wwf to bid on wcw's properties, should they ever be up for liquidation; a
settlement that would prove invaluable in 2001.
largely due to the events described above, nitro would defeat raw for 84
consecutive weeks. during this time, wcw would, though infrequently, "give
away" the endings to pre-taped matches on raw during it's live nitro
broadcast, adding fuel to the bad feeling between the two companies.
starrcade 1997
in 1997, wcw entered its peak, largely due to the nwo storyline. during
that time, the nwo feuded with the revived (and face-turned) four horsemen as
well as returning wcw hero sting (who now had a gimmick that resembled the
crow). the latter feud served to build up the starrcade pay-per-view in
december. when wcw delivered the sting vs. hogan match for the wcw world
championship, the ppv drew wcw's biggest buyrate and bischoff was largely
praised in the months leading up to this pay-per-view because of his refusal
to "hotshot" (give away a big money ppv match before proper build up, causing
a lesser buy rate) sting vs. hogan for the wcw world title.[41]
however, some wrestling fans consider this show to be the beginning of the
end for wcw, even though wcw was dominating the wwf in the television ratings
at the time.[42] hogan was heavily criticized for not doing a clean finish to
the match, which confused and irritated fans who had waited over a year to see
sting take down the nwo. the finish actually involved a recently-introduced
bret hart (who had refereed the preceding match between bischoff and larry
zbyszko for control of monday nitro) coming down to the ring after hogan had
supposedly won the match. hart alleged that referee nick patrick had performed
a fast count on sting, and wanted to "make things right."[43] although,
according to eric bischoff, in his book controversy creates ca$h the count
looked like a normal count. bret hart insisted the match continue (with
himself as referee) in order to prevent sting from being "screwed" just like
he had been in the wwf with the montreal screwjob.
signs of a decline
when hart left the wwf after the montreal screwjob at the 1997 survivor
series, it looked as though wcw was in position to push the wwf straight into
perpetual ratings ruin. wcw seemingly possessed the biggest stars in the
industry, such as hogan, savage, sting, flair, hart, hall, and nash. in
addition, the company also had credible midcard stars such as chris benoit and
raven, as well as an exciting cruiserweight division featuring high-flying
competitors from mexico (the luchadors) and japan as well as the united states
and canada. however, things would not unfold as wcw had planned.
popular opinion was that the screwjob and the acquisition of hart were
deathblows for the wwf and major victories for wcw. the combination of a
company screwing over a popular wrestler and angering many fans should have
dealt a massive blow to the wwf and given wcw a great amount of hype to work
with. however, after wrestlemania xiv in march 1998, vince mcmahon regained
the lead in the monday night wars with his new wwf "attitude" branding, led in
particular by rising stars "stone cold" steve austin, the rock, triple h, and
mankind. the classic feud between mcmahon (who was re-branded as the evil
company chairman) and austin (who bischoff had released via telephone by in
the summer of 1995[44]) captured the imagination of fans. the april 13, 1998
episode of raw, headlined by a match between austin and mcmahon, marked the
first time that wcw lost the head-to-head monday night ratings battle in 84
weeks (since 1996). the wwf did not stop there – their ratings increased to
unprecendented levels over the next two years. wcw attempted to counter this
by dividing the nwo into the hogan-led heel nwo hollywood faction and the
nash-led face nwo wolfpac faction, but many felt that it was a poor rehash of
the original wcw vs. nwo storyline. undeterred, wcw launched a brand new
thursday night show on tbs, wcw thunder, in january of 1998.
a television ratings comparison for the period of the monday night
warswcw's next big attempt to regain ratings supremacy was by marketing ex-nfl
player bill goldberg as an invincible monster with a record-breaking winning
streak. goldberg was incredibly popular from the outset, with chants of
'gold-berg, gold-berg' heralding his approach to the ring, but business still
quickly fell off for wcw, especially as the list of stars ready to be
destroyed by goldberg grew shorter. one of wcw's last genuine wins in the
monday night ratings war was on july 6, 1998, when wcw aired the long-awaited
world title match in atlanta between hogan and goldberg (which goldberg won),
on free television. this significantly increased the rating for the show, but
only for that week.[46] on september 14, 1998, wcw won the ratings war once
again with a memorable moment that featured ric flair's return to wcw and the
reformation of the legendary four horsemen. on october 25, 1998, wcw's
halloween havoc ppv ran longer than the time allocated because of the
last-minute addition of a tag team title match. as a result, several thousand
people lost their ppv feed at 11pm during the world title match between
diamond dallas page and goldberg.[47] the following night, wcw decided to
correct the fault by airing the entire match for free on nitro and won the
ratings war for the final time.
at this time, kevin nash was in charge of booking the shows. after winning
the world war 3 battle royal in november 1998, he went on to end goldberg's
winning streak and win the world title on the starrcade ppv just one month
later. then came the infamous "fingerpoke of doom" match between nash and
hogan in january 1999. the match was originally advertised as a starrcade
rematch between nash and goldberg. as a result, the georgia dome in atlanta
was a complete sellout, with over 40,000 people watching live expecting to see
the rematch. throughout the broadcast the announcers hyped the main event as
being the "biggest match in the history of our sport" and said that "unlike
the other guys, we have a real main event." instead, goldberg was forced to
forego his title match and was replaced by hogan. hogan knocked nash to the
mat by poking him in the chest with one finger and then pinning him, winning
the world heavyweight title and further damaging the credibility of it as a
result.[49] this outcome also damaged the credibility of the company as a
whole, having failed to present the advertised match and using underhand
tactics to sell out the arena for that night's telecast. on the same episode
of nitro, tony schiavone mockingly announced mick foley's wwf title win, which
ended up being counter-productive as nielsen ratings showed that over 100,000
households[50] changed channel to watch the historic victory and shifted the
ratings for the night in the wwf's favor.
decline
wcw slid into a period of extravagant overspending and what was viewed
almost universally as creative decline, though the reasons and people
responsible are still a matter of debate. one possible reason was the overuse
of celebrities (such as dennis rodman[52] and jay leno[53]) to wrestle ppv
matches. another was that wcw's credibility was badly damaged by embarrassing
product placement, like rick steiner trading barbs with chucky the killer doll
(which was roundly booed by the in-house audience on the live nitro broadcast)
in the hopes of generating interest in the 1998 film bride of chucky.[54] yet
another possible reason was the fact that the top-level stars had no
motivation to excel in the ring due to their long-term guaranteed-money
contracts, only giving their utmost when it suited them to do so. what is
known is that wcw programming slowly started to go downhill in quality, with
people turning off their tvs or switching to wwf programming, and in reaction
the company began to panic and tried to solve its problems by throwing money
at a variety of personalities, a practice it could ill-afford to engage in.
many talents were reportedly signed simply to keep them from appearing on wwf
television. at one point, wcw held over 260 individual performers under
guaranteed contracts, and often paid many of them to simply stay at home and
collect a paycheck.
also in 1998, the ultimate warrior, a former wwf star, was recruited by
eric bischoff to feud with hogan (warrior's wrestlemania vi opponent). their
october 1998 encounter at halloween havoc was mostly seen as sub-par[55], and
warrior vanished soon after. the ultimate warrior also insisted on a number of
elaborate and costly apparatuses such as a trapdoor in the ring, which badly
injured the british bulldog when he landed on it.
in addition, no matter who was in charge, wcw did not promote its younger
stars to the company's top slots. despite having many talented younger
wrestlers like chris jericho, chris benoit, billy kidman, chavo guerrero, jr.,
eddie guerrero, perry saturn, raven, booker t, and rey mysterio, jr. on its
roster, they were kept away from the main event scene.
bischoff was eventually removed from control of the promotion on september
10, 1999, after a failed push for the 1970s rock group kiss through wcw shows,
and a storyline involving rapper master p and the no limit soldiers.[57] the
"no limit soldiers" stable flopped so badly that the west texas rednecks heel
stable that they were feuding with was cheered by the wcw's traditional
southern fanbase).[58] an announced "million-dollar contest" was later
cancelled [59] and a planned nitro animated series was scrapped, as well.
another factor that led to the demise of the wcw, which has largely gone
unnoticed, is that unlike nitro, the locations wcw hired for their ppv events
had capacities much lower than could have been sold. wcw staged some of their
biggest wrestling matches in arenas with only moderate capacity. for example,
the much awaited encounter between randy savage and ric flair at the 1995
great american bash was scheduled at the hara arena, in dayton, ohio, which
had a capacity of only 6,000 seats. similarly, the match between sting and the
giant for the wcw world heavyweight championship at the 1996 slamboree took
place at the riverside centroplex in baton rouge, louisiana where less than
8,000 seats were available.
bischoff replaced by russo
bischoff was unexpectedly replaced by former wwf head writer vince russo
and his colleague ed ferrara. russo and ferrera had been writers involved in
the creation of the wwf "attitude" era, but billed themselves as the brains
behind the operation. wcw offered them lucrative contracts to jump ship in
october 1999 in an effort to revitalize their own flagging product and weaken
the product of the wwf. russo and ferrera tried to push the younger wcw
talents straight away, and phase out aging stars such as hogan and flair.
russo and ferrera struggled to gain approval for their near-the-knuckle
ideas from wcw management, such as a novermber 15 1999 "piñata on a pole"
match[64] between mexican wrestlers. in late 1999, russo and ferrera revived
the nwo storyline, this time with jeff jarrett and bret hart at the helm. they
next targeted wwf announcer jim ross with a parody character called
"oklahoma," who was played onscreen by ferrera (ross suffered from bell's
palsy, and the character lampooned his resultant facial defects). bad luck
struck in december 1999 when hart suffered a genuine (and ultimately
career-ending) concussion at the hands of goldberg, who severely damaged his
own hand less than a week later while punching through a limousine window in
salisbury, maryland as part of a storyline that was written by russo. russo
himself became an on-screen character during this period, though one whose
face was never shown on camera, in a manner similar to doctor claw from
inspector gadget and the george steinbrenner character from seinfeld. only his
hand and the back of his chair were ever actually seen, as he called wrestlers
into his office to receive their marching orders for the night.
both russo and ferrera were suspended just three months later amid rumors
that they wanted to make former ufc fighter tank abbott the wcw champion
(abbott, despite his legitimate fighting background, had little wrestling
experience and had failed to connect with wcw audiences). kevin sullivan, who
had been an on/off booker over the course of several years, was placed in
charge in the interim. the new writing team attempted to appease the
demoralized wrestlers and fans by making chris benoit the wcw champion at the
souled out ppv in january 2000. however, because of the real-life personal
issues between himself and sullivan (sullivan's wife nancy had left him for
benoit) , let alone that prior to the ppv he and a few other wrestlers
demanded their releases from the company, benoit handed the belt back right
after winning it and the next day left wcw. he signed with the wwf along with
his similarly frustrated friends perry saturn, eddie guerrero and dean malenko.
the four quickly became popular in the wwf as "the radicalz."
on february 11, 2000, 12 wrestlers including african american harrison
norris and japanese manager sonny onoo launched racial discrimination lawsuits
against wcw, claiming that, as a result of their ethnicities, they had not
been pushed, had not been paid as well as other wrestlers and personalities,
and had been given offensive gimmicks. some speculated that the charges of
racism brought against wcw (and the resultant bad publicity for the company,
which had been dogged by accusations of racism for years), were partially
responsible for black wrestler booker t winning the wcw championship later
that year and his brother stevie ray being made a color commentator, with ray
himself acknowledging that it might have been a factor.
in april 2000, with ratings hitting new lows, both russo and bischoff were
reinstated by wcw. they formed an on-screen union that stood up for the
younger talent in the company (which they dubbed the new blood) in their
battle against the millionaires club, which consisted of the older,
higher-paid, and more visible stars such as hogan, sting, and diamond dallas
page. though initially well-received, the storyline quickly degenerated into
yet another nwo rehash, with the heel nwo recast as the new blood and the face
wcw embodied in the millionaire's club. as well, the unorthodox and often
controversial storylines continued. these included making actor david arquette
the wcw champion in order to promote a wcw-themed movie, ready to rumble;
russo himself winning the wcw championship in september 2000 (russo, like
arquette, was not a trained wrestler); a botched june heel turn for goldberg
that greatly diminished his drawing power; and a shoot speech by russo at bash
at the beach 2000 aimed at
hulk hogan which led to hogan resigning and filing a defamation of
character lawsuit against the company [80](which was eventually dismissed in
2002). bischoff vanished once more in july 2000, and russo was gone from wcw
completely by late 2000, leaving terry taylor holding the reins.
meanwhile, when time warner bought out turner's cable empire in 1996, it
also purchased wcw. even though turner was faithful to the professional
wrestling shows on his stations (a professional wrestling program had helped
get turner's very first tv station, wtbs, off the ground, and wcw was, in
fact, the modern incarnation of the promotion that turner had run on wtbs back
in those days) regardless of whether it was losing him money, time warner did
not share his loyalty, especially when accounts showed that wcw was losing
between $12-$17 million a year because of its decline. however, turner was
still the single largest time warner shareholder, and wcw was supported at his
behest. when aol merged with time warner in 2000, turner was effectively
forced out of his own empire. the new aol time warner finally had the power to
auction off wcw, which they saw as an unnecessary drain on resources.
in late 2000, bischoff and a group of private investors, calling themselves
fusient media ventures, inquired about buying wcw and indeed a deal was
reported to be in place. however fusient backed out when turner networks head
(and the wb founder) jamie kellner formally cancelled all wcw programming from
its tv networks[84]. with no network to air its programming, wcw was of little
value to fusient, whose offer was dependent on the turner networks continuing
to air wcw programming.
on march 23, 2001, all of wcw's trademarks and archived footage, as well as
twenty-five of the lower-tier-to-mid-card wrestler contracts was sold to vince
mcmahon and world wrestling federation entertainment, inc. [86]
acquisition by the world wrestling federation
a gloating mcmahon opened the last-ever episode of wcw monday nitro
simulcast with raw on march 26, 2001 with a self-praising speech.[87] us
champion booker t cleanly defeated the world champion, scott steiner[88], to
become wcw's final world heavyweight champion, as well as its final us
heavyweight champion. sting vs. ric flair (won by sting) was the highlight
nostalgia match of the final broadcast, ending affectionately with a
respectful embrace.
when the wwf bought wcw in march 2001, several top wcw wrestlers, including
flair, goldberg, kevin nash, and sting had high-priced contracts with aol time
warner that the wwf was unwilling to pick up.[90] wcw was not seen as a
powerhouse organization invading the wwf when most of their top stars did not
appear. however, all of the above wrestlers except sting eventually signed
contracts with the wwf/e after the invasion subsided.
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