Communications and International Affairs

ࡱ> q` bjbjqpqp .::uw%v v v v  \\\8:\] xx^^l`"```bcdl$hx a"bv v ``w2v 8` `  ێ`r^ pj\arf$h0x'ئ㳑 ے _tdf qy倢ddd޽^dddxއ $+4' 4 v v v v v v  university of leeds institute of communications studies ma in international communications comm5200: communications & international affairs 2007-2008 course booklet and bibliography course aims & objectives to introduce the political, economic and cultural elements of international communications and their interconnections to develop an understanding of the complexity of international communications and its implications on local, national and global levels to appreciate how media technologies and systems of international communications affect news coverage, entertainment and official systems of information to examine controversial issues within the field, especially the role of communications in national development, the relative power of governments and media organizations, the problems of regulation and the impact of communication technologies to provide an interdisciplinary approach that learns from a range of social sciences, primarily media and communications studies, sociology, international relations and cultural studies to engage students in debates about key issues surrounding international communications, and encourage their independent thinking, as appropriate for postgraduate level. intellectually, students will need to constantly address the following questions: what is international communications all about? what changes and what remains the same in patterns of communication, politics and social action? what is the role of media and communication technologies for political and social change? who influences the flow of international information, why, how and with what consequences? how does the mediation of entertainment relate to the mediation of politics and the other way around? course details this course is the first semester compulsory core module for the ma in international communications. assessment the course is assessed through two 3,000 word essays. each essay comprises 50% of the assessment; both essays have equal value towards the final mark awarded for the course. the first essay is due on thursday, the 8th of november and the second is due on thursday, the 10th of january. advice on essay writing will be given during the course of the semester. non-assessed essay students are invited to submit a 1,000 word essay by the 25th of october, in order to receive feedback before their first assessed essay is due. the essay should be written on any of the essay topics provided by the tutor. this is a non-compulsory element of the course, but it is strongly recommended, especially for students writing an essay in the british academic system for the first time. non-assessed compulsory work the seminars form a significant component of the learning process. students are expected to actively contribute to the seminars with their participation in the preparation of at least one presentation during the semester and with at least one individual contribution (question/argument) every week. seminar structure and participation will be discussed in the introductory lecture. case studies: in the course of the seminar series and in advancing research-led teaching and learning, each student will work on a case study relevant to the module. each student has the responsibility to actively participate in the preparation and presentation of a case study within their study group. the case study will be presented in a seminar during the course of the semester. more details will be given during the first lecture. seminars largely depend on group work and collaborative efforts for their success as a learning method. students are expected to be active members of their study groups and contribute with their fair share of work. you should always come to seminars prepared. expect to be asked questions that relate to your reading about the topic of each session. classes the course is taught through a combination of lectures and seminars. lectures take place on thursdays 1 2 pm, venue: elec seminar room (03.352). seminars take place after the lecture at the houldsworth building, conference room (3rd floor). you will be assigned a seminar group by your tutor in the first week of teaching. essay topics how much power do media really have in shaping international politics? what is cultural imperialism and how relevant is it today? does the nation-state still matter in international communications? imagined communities change as media become more global. discuss. how can theories of globalisation contribute to understanding changes in international communications? how much and with what consequences do information technologies change patterns of communication across distance? are we all living in a global village? why does the local still matter in todays globalised media world? news is not what it used to be. discuss. what is the role of the internet in the development of global activism? what is the role of the internet in the development and sustaining of transnational communities? satellite television provides a space for diasporic representation outside the dominant global media system. discuss. have media and communication technologies made the world a more democratic place? what is the digital divide and why does it matter in international communications? essay presentation: some tips important points to bear in mind when writing essays: - research the topic as widely as you can. you should be working on the assumption that each essay should have had at least 10-12 books/articles consulted. in the event of book shortage, don't forget the internet and other electronic sources available in the library. also, do use journals which are available online (electronic library); journals are invaluable sources that give you access to the most recent academic debates. the basis of good essay writing is wide research. - design a structure for your essay: it should have a beginning, a middle and an end. the beginning should introduce the topic, its significance and how you propose to tackle it; the middle should form the core of your argument; the end should conclude with your own ideas (and not just summarise what you have written). the basis of a good essay is a clear structure. - always place the emphasis on analysis rather than narrative. the essay will either ask a question or invite discussion. do not write about everything you know! answer the question or discuss the specific topic as addressed in the title. the basis of a good essay is a clear, coherent and consistent analysis. - work on the assumption that your tutor has read the items in your bibliography and does not want to see them merely reiterated. she wants to see that you understand what youve read and that you can critically interpret it. the more the emphasis is on analysis, the higher the mark will be. - once you begin writing, always bear in mind the following questions: am i answering the question? how relevant is the material i am including to the question being asked? how can i provide an example/illustration of the point i have just made in order to give it greater authority? where are the flaws in my argument and how can i accommodate them? relevant, well-illustrated and authoritative essays with personal interpretation will receive the higher marks. - pay due consideration to spelling, grammar and presentation. this is particularly important in the case for students whose first language is not english. however, this also applies to those using english as their first language. - give yourself plenty of time for research and writing up prior to the deadlines. rushed pieces of work invariably show through. - avoid plagiarism at all costs. if in doubt, consult the university regulations and your tutor. essays that plagiarise the work of others will automatically fail. - the marking scale is as follows: marking scale  please refer to the ics handbook for taught postgraduate students for a full table of marking criteria. access to the module tutor dr. myria georgiou is the course leader of this module and should be your first port of call for queries regarding course work, essays etc. her office is located in the third floor, houldsworth building. her email is  hyperlink "mailto:m.georgiou@leeds.ac.uk" m.georgiou@leeds.ac.uk, her phone ext. is 35828, and her office hours are on thursdays: 10:00 12:00 (sign on the sheet on her door to avoid queuing). lecture / seminar topics your tutor will outline key issues in your weekly lectures. these will be followed up during the seminars. you will be expected to participate fully in the seminar sessions and to engage in discussions, group work or other tasks assigned by the tutor. to do this you must be prepared for the classes. your tutor will provide handouts and recommend readings for every session. it is your responsibility to read them in advance of the seminars, to think carefully about the key issues and to be ready to raise relevant questions. participation in seminars is crucial for your progress and engagement with the taught material. the teaching of the course takes place over 10 weeks. the topics and the readings for each week, including key questions for the seminars, follow. key readings are compulsory. key compulsory readings are marked with a star(*) introduction (27/09) this lecture will introduce the course outline and objectives. it will also introduce you to the field of media and communications and explore the concept of international communications. this class will address the importance of context (e.g. decolonisation, development, globalisation; new technologies, mediation, the global village), introduce some theoretical models, pose some preliminary questions and begin to develop the framework for the study of international communications. flew, terry (2007) understanding global media. basingstoke: palgrave hammelink, c. (1994) the politics of world communication. london: sage lull, j. (2000) media, communication, culture: a global approach. 2nd edition. cambridge: polity press. * kamalipour, yahya r. (ed.) (2002) global communication. belmont, ca: wadsworth (esp. chapters 1, 2, 9) mattelart, a. (1994) mapping world communication. minneapolis, mn: university of minnesota press (esp. chapter 1) mohammadi, a (ed.) international communication and globalisation. london: sage mowlana, h. (1997) global information and world communication. london: sage thussu, d. (ed.) electronic empires: global media and local resistance. london: edward arnold. * thussu, d. k. (2006) international communication. continuity and change. london: arnold (esp. chapter 2) tomlinson, j. (1999) globalisation and culture. cambridge: polity press. power and communications (4/10) are media and communications powerful players in international politics and in transnational political and economic relations? who controls the media and why does it matter? some key questions on the relation between media and power and key concepts such as media and cultural imperialism, hegemony and resistance, place and placelessness of media power are addressed and discussed. alleyne, m. (1995) international power and international communication. london: macmillan boyd-barrett, o. (1977) 'media imperialism: towards an international framework for the analysis of media systems, pp. 116-135 in j. curran and m. gurevitch (eds.) mass communication and society. london: arnold. couldry, nick (2000) the place of media power: pilgrims and witnesses of the media age, london: routledge couldry, n and j.curran (2003) contesting media power: alternative media in a networked world. ny: rowman and littlefield curran, james (2000) rethinking media democracy in j. curran and m. gurevitch (eds) mass media and society. london: arnold. 3rd edition, pp. 120-154 headrick, d. (1991) the invisible weapon: telecommunications in international politics. new york: oxford university press * herman, e. and r.m.chesney (1997)the global media: the new missionaries of corporate capitalism. london: cassell. (esp. introduction and chapter 1) mccullagh, c (2002) media power: a sociological introduction. basingstoke: palgrave mcchesney robert w. & schiller dan (2002) the political economy of international communications: foundations for the emerging global debate over media ownership and regulation. paper prepared for the unrisd programme on information technologies and social development as part of unrisd background work for the world summit on the information society,  hyperlink "http://www.robertmcchesney.com/articles.html" http://www.robertmcchesney.com/articles.html * tomlinson, j. (1991) cultural imperialism: a critical introduction. john hoskins university press seminar questions: media imperialism and resistance. discuss. who controls the media in the global age? are international politics shaped by the media? media, nation and the state (11/10) states are either seen as initial units of analysis for the study of international communications or as marginalized players within globalisation. this class looks at (i.) the nature and role of the state in the international system and (ii.) the significance of the nation-state as an imagined community. the class examines the position of the nation-state today vis--vis the international communications systems. *anderson, benedict (1983) imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism, london: verso. (esp. introduction) calhoun, craig (2007) nations matter. basingstoke: palgrave * chan, j.m. and b.t. mcintryre (eds) (2002) in search of boundaries: communication, nation-states and cultural identities. greenwood press. esp. chapters by webster and straubhaar deirdre, kevin (2003) europe in the media: a comparison of reporting, representations, and rhetoric in national media systems in europe. mahwah, new jersey: l.erlbaum associates european audiovisual observatory (2001) television and media concentration: regulatory models on the national and european level. strasbourg: european audiovisual observatory featherstone, m. (1990) global culture: nationalism, globalisation and modernization. london: sage. holton, r. (1998) globalization and the nation-state. london: macmillan. esp. chapter 4 (pp. 80-107) guehenno, j.m. (1995) the end of the nation-state. minneapolis: university of minnesota press rantanen, t. (2002) the global and the national: media and communications in post-communist russia. lanham, md.: rowman & littlefield schlesinger, p. (1997) media, state and nation: political violence and collective identities. london: sage seminar questions: what is the meaning of the imagined community and how does it relate to contemporary communication systems? are national media on the retreat? discuss some of the challenges that nation-states face at present. focus on communications. local media; global challenges (18/10) new communication technologies have allowed the explosion of global media. global media are available across the world, yet national and local differences have not seized to exist. how is the global formed in relation to the local and the other way around? how have international communications altered this relation? appadurai, arjun (1996) modernity at large, minneapolis, university of minnesota press, chapter 3 global ethnoscapes: notes and queries for a transnational anthropology. bauman, z. (1998) globalisation. cambridge: polity press. beck, u. (2000) what is globalisation? cambridge: polity press. beck, ulrich (2006) cosmopolitan vision. cambridge: polity press beynon, j. and dunkerley, d. (2000) globalisation: the reader. london: the athlone press. featherstone, m. (1990) global culture: nationalism, globalisation and modernization. london: sage cohen, a.a. (2002) globalization ltd.: domestication at the boundaries of foreign television news in j.m. chan and b.t. mcintryre (eds) in search of boundaries: communication, nation-states and cultural identities. greenwood press featherstone, m. (1995) undoing culture: globalisation, postmodernism and identity. london: sage featherstone, m., lash, s. and robertson, r. (eds) (1995) global modernities. london: sage *lull, j. (2007) culture-on-demand. oxford: blackwell. esp. chapter 4 morley, d. and k. robin (1995) spaces of identity. global media, electronic landscapes and cultural boundaries. london: routledge *straubhaar, j.d. and l.g.duarte (2005) adapting us transnational television channels to a complex world in j.chalaby (ed.) transnational television worldwide. london and new york: tauris thussu, d. k. (2007) media on the move: global flow and contra-flow. london and new york: routledge, esp. chapters 1 and 3 tomlinson, j. (1999) globalisation and culture. cambridge: polity press. seminar questions: describe and discuss one major issue in relation to the control of international communications which is common across boundaries and one which is regionally specific. compare. discuss the oppositions in the relation between the local and the global. what matters the most: the local or the global? public diplomacy (guest lecturer: prof. ph.taylor) (25/10) search prof. taylors website ( hyperlink "http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/index.cfm?outfit=pmt" http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/index.cfm?outfit=pmt). browse through the vast number of relevant sources available on the site and choose at least one which you find interesting. you will be asked to contribute to the seminar with input that relates to your reading. bring with you a copy and the full reference of the material in question. information and propaganda (1/11) search prof. taylors website ( hyperlink "http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/index.cfm?outfit=pmt" http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/index.cfm?outfit=pmt). browse through the vast number of relevant sources available on the site and choose at least one which you find interesting. you will be asked to contribute to the seminar with input that relates to your reading. bring with you a copy and the full reference of the material in question. satellite television and global flows of communication (8/11) this class examines satellite broadcasting in relation to the political, cultural and economic implications of television systems development in national and transnational spheres. the class investigates the significance of satellite broadcasting systems for the formation of news agendas and for media representations as well as for politics across the globe. the examples of cnn and al jazeera will be examined in relation to these issues. boyd-barrett, o. and t.rantanen (eds.) (1998) the globalization of news. london: sage (esp. introduction) * chalaby, jean (2004) transnational television worldwide: towards a new media order. london: i.b. tauris. collins, r. (1998) from satellite to single market: new communication technology and european public service television. london: routledge el-nawawy, m. and a.iskander (2002) al-jazeera: how the free arab news network scooped the world and changed the middle east. cambridge, ma: westview ma, eric (2002) mapping transborder imagination in j.m. chan and b.t. mcintryre (eds) in search of boundaries: communication, nation-states and cultural identities. greenwood press *sakr, naomi (2001) satellite realms: transnational television, globalization and the middle east. london: i.b.tauris (esp. introduction) sakr, naomi (2007) arab media and political renewal. london: i.b. tauris srinivas, m. et al. (eds.) (1998) international satellite broadcasting in south asia: political, economic, and cultural implications. lanham: university press of america varis, t. (1985) the international flow of television programmes. paris: unesco volkmer, i. (1999) news in the global sphere: a study of cnn and its impact on global communication. luton: university of luton press zayani, m (2005) the al-jazeera phenomenon. paradigm publishers seminar questions: how has news changed in the age of globalisation? in its satellite television production, the periphery challenges the concentration of media power. discuss. what are the political implications of the diversification of satellite systems? communications and transnational communities (15/11) the growth of the internet and satellite television has been celebrated by many as a revolutionary development in international communications which enables the formation and sustaining of cultural communities across geographical spaces. diasporic populations spread across the globe have developed distinct media projects that challenge the domination of major players originating in the west. this class will investigate the formation of diasporic media and communication projects and their implications for decentralisation and democratisation of international communications. * bailey, guedes o., m. georgiou and r.harindranath (eds.) (2007) transnational lives and the media: reimagining diasporas. basingstoke: palgrave dayan, daniel (1999) media and diasporas, in jostein gripsrud (ed.) television and common knowledge, london: routledge, pp.18 33 georgiou, myria (2006) diaspora, identity and the media: diasporic transnationalism and mediated spatialities. creskill, nj: hampton press (esp. chapter 1 and conclusions) georgiou, myria (2005) mapping diasporic media cultures: a transnational cultural approach to exclusion in r. silverstone (ed.) from information to communication: media, technology and everyday life in europe. london: ashgate gillespie, marie (1995) television, ethnicity and cultural change. london and new york: routledge kalra, v., k. raminder and j. hutnyk (2003) diaspora and hybridity. london: sage *karim, karim (2002) the media of diaspora. london and new york: routledge miller, d. and d.slater (2000). the internet: an ethnographic approach. london: berg. esp. conclusions (pp. 1-27) naficy, hamid (ed.) (1998) home, exile, homeland. london and new york: routledge shohat, ella and robert stam (eds.) (2003) multiculturalism, postcoloniality and transnational media. new brunswick, new jersey and london: rutgers university press seminar questions: are diasporas new players in international affairs? how significant is diasporic satellite television for the formation of global television? what is the role of diasporic media for the development of communities across boundaries? global activism and the internet (22/11) the growth of the internet has been celebrated by many as a revolutionary development in international communications which enables new political, social and cultural formations. increased use of the internet has coincided with some large-scale transnational political protests and with the increased visibility of different kinds of transnational communities. this class will investigate the potentials and limitations in political and cultural activity on the internet. cammaerts, bart (2005) ics usage among transnational social movements in the networked society: to organise, to mobilise and to debate in r.silverstone (ed.) media, technology and everyday life in europe: from information to communication. aldershot: ashgate * de jong, w. et al. (eds.) (2005) global activism, global media. london: pluto press (esp. chapter 10) gangadharan, s.p., b. de cleen and n.carpentier (2007) alternatives in media content, journalism and regulation. ica published ebook available at  hyperlink "http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~ncarpent/grass/grassebook.pdf" http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~ncarpent/grass/grassebook.pdf jordan, t. and p. taylor (2004) hactivism and cyberwars. london: routledge loader, b. (ed.) (1997) cyberspace divide. london: routledge * mccaughey, martha and m.d.ayers (2003) online activism in theory and practice. london: routledge. introduction and chapter 5 new media and society journal (2005) special issue on hacktivism. vol. 7 (5) [available in electronic form in the library] r. mansell and r. silverstone (eds.) communication by design: the politics of information and communication technologies, oxford: oxford university press, esp. pp. 15-43 tsagarousianou, roza, tambini, damian and bryan, cathy (eds.) (1998) cyberdemocracy: technologies, cities and civic networks, london: routledge. webster, f. (2001) culture and politics in the information age. london: routledge. esp. introduction seminar questions: the internet has changed politics as we know it. discuss. what are the broader political implications of activism on line? does technology change politics or does politics change technology? international communications and issues of regulation and policy (29/11) as the use of communication technologies has increased in both scale and intensity, the designing of effective regulatory systems has become more complex. at the same time, new issues have emerged (e.g. digital divide) that require policymakers attention in relation to the control and access of media and communications on global scale. this class addresses (i.) the nature of intergovernmental co-operation in this area and the problems of balancing national and international interests; (ii.) the role of international organisations in communication policy making; and (iii.) the new issues that are emerging in regulating international communications. burgelman, jean-claude. (2000) regulating access in the information society. new media and society. 2(1) pp. 51-66 calabrese, andrew and burgelman, jean-claude (1999) communication, citizenship and social policy: rethinking the limits of the welfare state, lanham: rowman and littlefield * chakravarty, p. and k. sarikakis (2006) media policy and globalisation. edinburgh: edinburgh university press hudson, h. (1994) universal service in the information age. telecommunications policy. 18(8) pp. 658-667 *huffman j.l. and d.m.trauth (2003) global communication law in y.r. kamalipour (ed.) global communication. belmont, ca: wadsworth mansell, r. (1999). new media competition and access. the scarcity-abundance dialectic. new media and society. 1(2) pp. 155-182 murdock, g and golding, p. (1989) information poverty and political inequality: citizenship in the age of privatised communications journal of communication. 39(3), pp.180-195 preston, p. and a.kerr (2001) digital media, nation-states and local cultures: the case of multimedia content production, media, culture & society, vol. 23 pp. 109-113 sarikakis, katharine (2007) feminist interventions in international communication: minding the gap. sen, amartya (1997) inequality reexamined. cambridge, ma: harvard university press tumber, h (ed). (2000) media power, professionals and policies. routledge, london and new york wang, georgette (2002) restrictions on foreign ownership and national sovereignty in j.m. chan and b.t. mcintryre (eds) in search of boundaries: communication, nation-states and cultural identities. greenwood press seminar questions: what are the main challenges for international communications policy? what reforms are needed on a national level in order for the governments to correspond to the technological/content/ownership changes in international communications? why does access to information and communication technologies matters in international politics? some general advice on bibliography it cannot be emphasised too strongly that the most recent developments in international communications can be gleaned from the intelligent, specialised media such as professional journals. academic journals and books often take a year or more to appear in print, and are sometimes accordingly out-of-date when they do so, especially in this rapidly developing area of study. the internet and online databases are, therefore, useful sources of material that is more up to date. some useful internet sites: (only as a guide; you should be able to navigate a much larger number of relevant internet sources for your studies) afrol african news agency  hyperlink "http://www.afrol.com/" http://www.afrol.com/ agence france press:  hyperlink "http://www.afp.com" www.afp.com al jazeera (english version):  hyperlink "http://www.aljazeera.com" www.aljazeera.com amnesty international:  hyperlink "http://www.amnesty.org" www.amnesty.org bbc world:  hyperlink "http://www.bbcworld.com" www.bbcworld.com cnn:  hyperlink "http://www.cnn.com" www.cnn.com council of europe:  hyperlink "http://www.coe.int/defaulten.asp" www.coe.int/defaulten.asp electronic migration network:  hyperlink "http://www.ein.org.uk/" www.ein.org.uk/ european union portal:  hyperlink "http://europa.eu.int" http://europa.eu.int institute for global communications:  hyperlink "http://www.igc.apc.org" www.igc.apc.org greenpeace:  hyperlink "http://www.greenpeace.org" www.greenpeace.org independent media centre:  hyperlink "http://www.indymedia.org" www.indymedia.org international labour movement:  hyperlink "http://www.labornet.org" www.labornet.org international telecommunications union:  hyperlink "http://www.itu.int" www.itu.int internet institute, oxford:  hyperlink "http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk" www.oii.ox.ac.uk multicultural skyscraper:  hyperlink "http://www.multicultural.net/" http://www.multicultural.net/ panos institute london:  hyperlink "http://www.panos.org.uk" www.panos.org.uk the press association news centre:  hyperlink "http://www.pa.press.net" http://www.pa.press.net united nations:  hyperlink "http://www.un.org" www.un.org united nations development programme  hyperlink "http://www.undp.org" www.undp.org reuters:  hyperlink "http://www.reuters.com" www.reuters.com wsis (world summit for the information society):  hyperlink "http://www.itu.int/wsis/index.html" http://www.itu.int/wsis/index.html wsis civil society:  hyperlink "http://www.wsis-cs.org/index2.html" http://www.wsis-cs.org/index2.html xinhua chinese news agency  hyperlink "http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/" http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/ also, as a student of the university of leeds you can benefit from free access to a number of electronic sources. make use of your athens account, abi global and other electronic databases accessible via the university of leeds library website. some journals you should look at on a regular basis: european journal of communication gazette, international journal of communication global media and communication international journal of media and cultural politics new media and society media, culture and society theory, culture and society     page  page 2 70 + distinction (all the above criteria met) 60-69 pass with merit (most of the above criteria met) 50-59 pass (competence shown, a range of the above criteria met) 49 - fail (only a few or none of the above criteria met) f) h i v ) i 0 ] ^ , ; 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